Physical health and subjective vision & hearing
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Demographics | Physical health | Hearing | Cognition | Mobility and balance | Quality of life | Mental health | Social | Views |
Physical health self-rating
Responses are discrete options, ranging from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).
Co-morbidities
Responses are 3 discrete options, Yes / No / Don’t know.
## % Yes
## cataracts 29.2220114
## eye 11.3851992
## allergies 37.0018975
## asthma 9.4876660
## lung 3.4155598
## hyperglycemia 11.7647059
## hypothyroid 11.5749526
## hyperthyroid 2.0872865
## cancer 9.1081594
## heart 5.3130930
## vascular 4.5540797
## highbp 28.0834915
## stroke 3.4155598
## kidney 2.8462998
## urinary.incont 11.3851992
## ulcers 3.2258065
## bowel.disorder 6.6413662
## bowel.incont 3.9848197
## osteoarthritis 26.1859583
## rheumatoid 3.7950664
## arthritis 11.9544592
## osteoporosis 10.0569260
## back 20.4933586
## memory 10.6261860
## dementia 0.1897533
## parkinson 0.7590133
## ms 0.3795066
## epilepsy 0.5692600
## migraine 9.2979127
## anxiety 5.8823529
## depression 9.2979127Multimorbidity score
The sum of “Yes” responses per participant for 31 diseases.
WHO hearing loss categories: None (< 20); Mild (20-35), Moderate (35-50), Moderately Severe (50-65 dB HL). (79 participants are missing audiometric information.)
% participants in each WHO category with 0, 1, 2 or 3+ co-morbidities. Columns sum to 100%.
##
## Normal Mild Mod ModSev
## 0 13.4 10.4 10.3 0.0
## 1 23.2 17.6 8.6 66.7
## 2 21.6 18.7 17.2 0.0
## 3+ 41.8 53.4 63.8 33.3Potentially modifiable risk factors for hearing loss
- high blood pressure or hypertension
- diabetes, borderline diabetes or high blood sugar
- peripheral vascular disease or poor circulation in your limbs
- heart disease, including congestive heart failure, angina, heart
aiack or myocardial infarction
- lung disorder, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, etc
- osteoarthritis
- any other type of arthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
Of the eight risk factors above, hypertension is the only one that predicts having any degree of hearing loss.
##
## Call:
## glm(formula = as.formula(tempformula), family = binomial("logit"),
## data = compco)
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) 0.05290 0.13583 0.389 0.6970
## rheumatoid 0.02697 0.51300 0.053 0.9581
## arthritis -0.06718 0.30030 -0.224 0.8230
## osteoarthritis 0.16788 0.22387 0.750 0.4533
## lung 1.23181 0.65608 1.878 0.0604 .
## heart 0.02677 0.45484 0.059 0.9531
## vascular -0.37154 0.48929 -0.759 0.4476
## hyperglycemia 0.12784 0.33859 0.378 0.7057
## highbp 0.52449 0.22584 2.322 0.0202 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 613.00 on 447 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 601.38 on 439 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 619.38
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4## Waiting for profiling to be done...## OddsRatio 2.5 % 97.5 %
## (Intercept) 1.0543196 0.8077473 1.376661
## rheumatoid 1.0273362 0.3785445 2.928905
## arthritis 0.9350283 0.5192591 1.693653
## osteoarthritis 1.1827929 0.7642601 1.840876
## lung 3.4274430 1.0654843 15.287713
## heart 1.0271266 0.4246064 2.585315
## vascular 0.6896686 0.2631961 1.836448
## hyperglycemia 1.1363756 0.5893019 2.239480
## highbp 1.6896028 1.0900052 2.646353Subjective vision
Responses are 3 discrete options, Yes / No / Don’t know.
## Subjective_vision_loss %
## 1 Yes 55.0
## 2 No 40.8
## 3 Don't know 3.6
## 4 <NA> 0.6## Subjective_vision_rating %
## 1 Poor 0.2
## 2 Fair 2.7
## 3 Good 18.0
## 4 Very good 50.1
## 5 Excellent 28.1
## 6 <NA> 0.9Subjective hearing
Responses are 3 discrete options, Yes / No / Don’t know.
Observation: Respondents seem to be confused by the question “Is your hearing, using a hearing aid if you use one…”, resulting in 32% N/A’s, even though they don’t seem to be confused by the vision version of the same question just before (“Is your eyesight, using glasses or corrective lens if you use them…”). Nor are they confused by the next question, “Is your hearing, without a hearing aid…”.
## Subjective_hearing_loss %
## 1 Yes 62.0
## 2 No 30.2
## 3 Don't know 0.0
## 4 <NA> 7.8## Age_subj_HL_began %
## 1 0-5 0.6
## 2 6-10 1.5
## 3 11-20 2.1
## 4 21-40 10.1
## 5 41-60 37.6
## 6 Over 60 44.3
## 7 <NA> 3.7## Subj_hearing_rating_Aids %
## 1 Poor 1.5
## 2 Fair 7.6
## 3 Good 21.3
## 4 Very good 22.4
## 5 Excellent 15.2
## 6 <NA> 32.1## Subj_hearing_rating_NoAids %
## 1 Poor 1.9
## 2 Fair 27.3
## 3 Good 36.4
## 4 Very good 21.8
## 5 Excellent 10.1
## 6 <NA> 2.5##
## noHA HA
## Poor 3.1 0.0
## Fair 14.9 1.9
## Good 33.3 26.2
## Very good 27.1 47.6
## Excellent 21.6 24.3Dual sensory impairment (subjective)
Impairment = subjective rating of either “Fair” or “Poor”, using whatever aids they normally would. Note that we have no vision measures except subjective self-report and reported vision diagnoses. There are only 3 respondents classified as having dual sensory impairment.
## Subj_hearing_impairment
## Subj_vision_impairment Normal Impaired <NA>
## Normal 303 45 159
## Impaired 7 3 5
## <NA> 0 0 5Other variables available
- Age when vision loss began
- Type of aids used for vision (very few) and hearing (almost all
hearing aids)
- Date of last checkup for vision and hearing