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Demographics | Physical health | Hearing | Cognition | Mobility and balance | Quality of life | Mental health | Social | Views |


Note that non-HA users are all 424 respondents who did not report that they used hearing aids, while HA users are 103 respondents who said they used hearing aids in the Physical Health (Subjective Hearing) section. A fairer comparison might be to match non-HA users with HA users on a wider set of characteristics, but looking at the ranges of age, worse-ear PTA4, and better-ear PTA4, the two groups completely overlap.


Do you think there is any association between hearing loss and…?

% of non-HA users who chose each strength of connection (rows sum to 100%).

##                  None Slight Moderate Strong VStrong MISSING
## arthritis        62.3   18.4      9.2    2.8     0.5     6.8
## autism           51.4   18.4     13.7    6.6     1.9     8.0
## diabetes         46.0   21.5     15.1    9.0     1.9     6.6
## cardiovascular   38.9   24.1     19.8    8.5     1.4     7.3
## cognitive        20.0   18.2     23.8   22.6     9.0     6.4
## gastrointestinal 75.2   12.5      4.2    0.9     0.2     6.8
## microcebia       56.8   13.9      5.4    3.5     0.9    19.3
## balance          10.1   13.0     23.8   28.1    19.1     5.9
## mental health    19.1   18.6     23.1   21.5    11.3     6.4

% of HA users who chose each strength of connection.

##                  None Slight Moderate Strong VStrong MISSING
## arthritis        73.8   14.6      3.9    1.0     1.0     5.8
## autism           72.8   11.7      6.8    1.9     0.0     6.8
## diabetes         60.2   22.3      4.9    3.9     1.9     6.8
## cardiovascular   53.4   24.3     11.7    4.9     0.0     5.8
## cognitive        33.0   14.6     25.2   16.5     3.9     6.8
## gastrointestinal 84.5    3.9      4.9    1.0     0.0     5.8
## microcebia       72.8    7.8      3.9    1.0     0.0    14.6
## balance          16.5   12.6     31.1   25.2     8.7     5.8
## mental health    21.4   20.4     30.1   17.5     4.9     5.8


According to chi-squared tests of independence, non-HA users and HA users had similar patterns of associations for arthritis, gastrointestinal, microcebia (a foil), and mental health. Non-HA users and HA users had different patterns of associations on these items (rows sum to 100%):

  1. autism (p-value = 0.001789)
##       
##             1      2      3      4      5   <NA>
##   noHA 51.415 18.396 13.679  6.604  1.887  8.019
##   HA   72.816 11.650  6.796  1.942  0.000  6.796
##   <NA>
  1. diabetes (p-value = 0.01233)
##       
##             1      2      3      4      5   <NA>
##   noHA 45.991 21.462 15.094  8.962  1.887  6.604
##   HA   60.194 22.330  4.854  3.883  1.942  6.796
##   <NA>
  1. cardiovascular (p-value = 0.04137)
##       
##             1      2      3      4      5   <NA>
##   noHA 38.915 24.057 19.811  8.491  1.415  7.311
##   HA   53.398 24.272 11.650  4.854  0.000  5.825
##   <NA>
  1. cognitive (p-value = 0.02637)
##       
##             1      2      3      4      5   <NA>
##   noHA 20.047 18.160 23.821 22.642  8.962  6.368
##   HA   33.010 14.563 25.243 16.505  3.883  6.796
##   <NA>
  1. mental health (p-value = 0.03831)
##       
##             1      2      3      4      5   <NA>
##   noHA 10.142 12.972 23.821 28.066 19.104  5.896
##   HA   16.505 12.621 31.068 25.243  8.738  5.825
##   <NA>


Which of the following hypothetical reasons would motivate you to seek help for a potential hearing problem; for instance, by speaking to a family physician about it?

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% of non-HA users who chose each strength of motivation (rows sum to 100%).

##                       NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch MISSING
## spch conversations         1.9    7.1     16.0      35.8     34.4     4.7
## spch lecture theatre       2.4   10.8     21.2      37.5     23.1     5.0
## tv radio music             3.1    8.3     20.3      33.0     30.7     4.7
## complaints fr family       1.7    3.5     17.5      31.4     41.3     4.7
## complaints fr friends      1.7    3.8     15.6      35.6     38.7     4.7
## social int, actv           1.4    7.1     20.3      35.8     30.4     5.0
## feel sad/frustr            3.5    5.7     14.4      34.2     37.3     5.0
## feel fatigued              6.1    9.0     15.3      30.9     33.0     5.7
## health problems            9.9    8.3     17.9      27.8     30.7     5.4
## cognitive problems         5.7    7.1     16.7      28.8     36.6     5.2

% of HA users who chose each strength of motivation.

##                       NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch MISSING
## spch conversations         1.0    8.7     12.6      37.9     36.9     2.9
## spch lecture theatre       4.9    8.7     18.4      37.9     27.2     2.9
## tv radio music             3.9    8.7     17.5      37.9     29.1     2.9
## complaints fr family       1.9    2.9     13.6      21.4     57.3     2.9
## complaints fr friends      3.9    7.8     10.7      31.1     43.7     2.9
## social int, actv           4.9    8.7     21.4      24.3     37.9     2.9
## feel sad/frustr            8.7   11.7     17.5      27.2     32.0     2.9
## feel fatigued             12.6   13.6     18.4      20.4     32.0     2.9
## health problems           13.6    6.8     18.4      26.2     32.0     2.9
## cognitive problems         7.8   10.7      6.8      33.0     38.8     2.9


According to chi-squared tests of independence, motivations differed between non-HA users and HA users on these items (item 4 included for interest but not significantly different between groups):

  1. Complaints about my hearing from my spouse or partner, or a close family member, p-value = 0.07935
##       
##        NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch <NA>
##   noHA      1.7    3.5     17.5      31.4     41.3  4.7
##   HA        1.9    2.9     13.6      21.4     57.3  2.9
##   <NA>
  1. Feeling that I am missing out on social interactions or activities because of my hearing, p-value = 0.047
##       
##        NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch <NA>
##   noHA      1.4    7.1     20.3      35.8     30.4  5.0
##   HA        4.9    8.7     21.4      24.3     37.9  2.9
##   <NA>
  1. Feeling sad or frustrated because of my hearing, p-value = 0.02165
##       
##        NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch <NA>
##   noHA      3.5    5.7     14.4      34.2     37.3  5.0
##   HA        8.7   11.7     17.5      27.2     32.0  2.9
##   <NA>
  1. Feeling fatigued because of my hearing, p-value = 0.03179
##       
##        NotAtAll Slight Moderate QuiteALot VeryMuch <NA>
##   noHA      6.1    9.0     15.3      30.9     33.0  5.7
##   HA       12.6   13.6     18.4      20.4     32.0  2.9
##   <NA>

Non-HA users and HA users did not differ on the following items:
* 1. Problems understanding speech during conversations with other people
* 2. Problems understanding speech in a lecture or theatre
* 3. Problems listening to the television or radio, or music
* 5. Complaints about my hearing from friends or colleagues
* 9. Learning that there is a higher risk of hearing loss associated with some health problems, such as diabetes
* 10. Learning that there is a higher risk of hearing loss associated with some cognitive problems, such as memory problems


Other variables available

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